Me ka hoʻoholo ʻana o ka Inflation Reduction Act, e komo pū ana me $370 biliona i nā papahana ea a me ka ikehu, ke wānana nei nā poʻe loea i ka hoʻonui nui ʻana i ka hana ʻenehana maʻemaʻe. ʻO ka makani waho kahi kumu hilinaʻi o ka ulu.
I kēia lā, ʻelua wale nō e hana ana i nā mahiʻai makani ma waho o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa kokoke i Rhode Island a me Virginia, me ka mana hui o 42 megawatts. Ma ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana, ʻo ka Traverse Wind Center hou ma Oklahoma he 356 turbines a me 998 megawatts o ka hiki ke hana. Akā he nui nā papahana i hoʻomohala ʻia, ʻoi loa ma ke kahakai ʻo Atlantika.
Ua ʻike ka hoʻokele Biden i ʻelua mau wahi hoʻomohala makani ma waho o ke kahawai ʻo Mexico i wehewehe maikaʻi ʻia no ka hana aila a me ke kinoea. Ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana o kāna hoʻolālā ea, ua hoʻonohonoho ʻo Pelekikena Joe Biden i ka pahuhopu o ka hoʻoili ʻana i 30 gigawatts (30,000 megawatts) o ka mana makani waho ma 2030 - lawa i ka mana 10 miliona mau hale me ka uila kalapona ʻole.
Ma ke ʻano he mea noiʻi ikehu ma Texas, ʻike mākou i kēia he ʻano hoihoi hou i ka neʻe ʻana o ko mākou ʻāina i ka ikehu maʻemaʻe. Ke manaʻoʻiʻo nei mākou he manawa kūʻokoʻa ka mana makani ma waho o ke kahawai ʻo Mexico no kēia māhele ʻāina me kahi limahana ikaika a me nā ʻenehana ikehu e kōkua ai i ka pono o ke kaiāulu no ka ikehu kalapona haʻahaʻa.
Hoʻokomo ʻia ka mana ma 2021 i megawatts. (Graphic: The Conversation/CC-BY-ND, kumu: Global Wind Energy Council)
No ke aha e hele ai i waho? Ua ulu nui ka mana makani ma uka o ʻAmelika i nā makahiki he 15 i hala iho nei, e komo pū ana ma Texas, ka mokuʻāina hoʻohua makani nui loa o ka ʻāina. ʻO ka maʻalahi o ka ʻae ʻana a me ka ʻimi ʻana i ka mana makani, nā kumukūʻai hoʻonohonoho kūpono, ka nui o nā kumuwaiwai, ka wahie manuahi, a me nā kumu hana marginal haʻahaʻa e hoʻemi i nā kumukūʻai uila no nā mea kūʻai. Pale ka makani i ka pollution nui o ka ea, ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ʻana o ke kinoea ʻōmaʻomaʻo a me ka hoʻoheheʻe wai ʻoluʻolu e pili ana i nā mea mana e holo ana ma luna o ka lanahu, ka aila a i ʻole ke kinoea maoli.
Akā, he mau hemahema nō ka makani waho. ʻO ka maʻamau ka nāwaliwali o ka makani i ka wā wela loa o ke kauwela i ka wā e paʻakikī ai ka ea ea e mālama i ka poʻe. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā wahi ikehu makani maikaʻi loa i mamao loa mai nā kikowaena koi mana. No ka laʻana, aia ka hapa nui o nā māla makani ma ka mokuʻāina ʻo Lone Star ma nā ʻāina kiʻekiʻe o ke komohana o Texas a ua kūkulu ʻia ma hope o ka lilo ʻana o ka mokuʻāina i nā piliona e kūkulu ana i nā laina hoʻouna lōʻihi e loaʻa ai ka mana ma kahi e pono ai.
ʻO ka nui o nā mahiʻai makani uka maikaʻi loa ma US (nā wahi uliuli ʻeleʻele) mamao loa mai nā kaiāulu kahakai, akā hiki ke lawelawe ʻia kēia mau kūlanakauhale e nā mahiʻai makani waho. (Kumu: NREL)
Hiki i ka ikehu lā a me nā pila ke hoʻoponopono i kekahi o kēia mau pilikia. Akā he nui nā pōmaikaʻi o ka hoʻomohala mana o waho.
E like me ka hōʻemi ʻana o ka makani uka i nā kumukūʻai ikehu no nā mea kūʻai aku, manaʻo ʻia ka makani o waho e hana like.
Me ka hapalua o ka heluna kanaka US e noho ana ma loko o 50 mau mile o ke kahakai, ua kokoke nā māla makani o waho i nā kikowaena koi mana. He ʻoiaʻiʻo loa kēia ma ke Kaiwa o Mekiko, kahi i loaʻa ai nā kūlanakauhale nui e like me Houston a me New Orleans, a me kahi ʻano o nā mea kanu petrochemical a me nā awa. Ma kahi o ka waiho ʻana i mau haneli mau mile o nā uwea ma luna a me nā hoʻopaʻapaʻa kūpono a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻāina, hiki i nā hui mana ke hoʻohana i nā kaula submarine e lawe mai i ka makani makani i nā hale hana.
He mea nui e hoʻomaopopo i ka hoʻokō ʻana o ka makani kai i ka makani ʻāina. I ka lā wela, ua lohi ka ea ma ke komohana o Texas a ua piʻi mālie ka makani o waho, e kōkua ana i ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā koi kiʻekiʻe o ke kauwela a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hilinaʻi pūnaewele.
Ua ikaika ka mākeke honua no ka makani o waho, akā a hiki i kēia manawa ʻaʻole i loaʻa ka US. ʻO ka nui o ka ʻāina ma ʻaneʻi ua hoʻoulu i ka ulu ʻana o ka makani uka, akā ua nāwaliwali ka komo ʻana o nā kānaka i ka wai.
Ke hoʻololi nei kēia ma muli o nā kānāwai hoʻopaʻa paʻa i nā mokuʻāina makani nui e like me Iowa e kaupalena i ka mamao e hiki ai ke kau ʻia nā turbines, e hoʻonui ana i nā kumukūʻai kūkulu a hoʻopaʻa i ka loaʻa ʻana o nā wahi kūpono. ʻO ka paʻakikī o ka mana o ka US he mea paʻakikī ke lawe mai i ka mana makani i ka mākeke.
Welina mai i ke Kaiwa, mahalo ʻoukou a pau i kēia mau ʻano, a hui pū ʻia me ke kākoʻo nui ʻana i ka mana makani o waho ma ke Kānāwai Climate, me he mea lā ua mākaukau ka mana makani o waho o ʻAmelika no kahi makahiki gula. ʻIke mākou i ke Kaiwa o Mexico he wahi maikaʻi loa e hana ai i ka ʻoihana.
Hiki ke mālama ʻia ka hohonu pāpaʻu o ke kai kūʻono, nā mahana kiʻekiʻe a me nā nalu mālie i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i ke anuanu a me ke ʻano paʻakikī o ke Kai ʻĀkau, ka ʻĀkelanika ʻĀkau a me ke kahakai o Iapana, kahi i hoʻomaka ai ka mana makani o waho. ʻO ka hohonu o ka wai a hiki i 160 kapuaʻi - i kēia manawa ʻo ka hohonu loa no nā turbine makani paʻa-lalo - e hoʻolōʻihi ʻia ma kahi o 90 mau mile ma ke kahakai hikina hikina o Texas a me ke kahakai hema o Louisiana, me Nantucket a me Martha's Vineyard ma ka ʻākau hikina ma kahi o 40 mau mile.
Hōʻike ʻia ka hiʻona o lalo o ke kai kūʻono e nā pali haʻahaʻa a ʻoi aku ka mālie ma mua o nā wahi i manaʻo ʻia no ka hoʻomohala ʻana ma kahakai o Virginia. ʻO ia ke ʻano o ka hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā turbine makani paʻa-lalo ma nā wahi ʻoi aku ma mua o nā ʻōnaehana lana, e hōʻemi ana i ka paʻakikī.
He mea nui ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana he ʻoihana ma waho o ke kahakai ʻo Gulf Coast e lawelawe ana i nā mea hana aila a me nā mea hana kinoea a me nā hui kūikawā he nui e hāʻawi ana i nā lawelawe e like me ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i lalo o ka wai, ka hana ʻana i ka paepae, a me nā lawelawe helikopa a me nā waʻa e lawe i nā kānaka a me nā lako i ke kai. I ka makahiki 2019, ua hoʻolako ʻia ka aila a me ke kinoea ma ke Kaiwa o Mexico ma kahi o 345,000 mau hana.
Hiki i nā mahiʻai makani ma ke Kai Kūʻono o Peresia ke hoʻohana i nā ʻoihana e kū nei. Aia ma kahi o 1,200 mile o nā uwea submarine e hiki ke hoʻoili i ka mana makani i uka. Hiki ke hoʻohui pū ʻia ka mana makani i loko o kahi ʻōnaehana ikehu ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hana hydrogen a me ka mālama ʻana, a me ka hopu kalapona.
Kākoʻo i ka poʻe hana a me ka poʻe haʻahaʻa Ke manaʻoʻiʻo nei mākou he hiki i ka mana makani o waho ke kōkua i ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā pahuhopu kaulike kaiapuni. ʻO ka hana ʻana i ka uila maʻemaʻe a me ke kalapona ʻole e kōkua i ke pani ʻana i nā refineries a me nā hale hana e hana a hoʻoulu i ka uila mai nā wahie mōʻalihaku. Ua hoʻopilikia nui kēia mau mea i ke olakino o nā kūlanakauhale e like me Houston a me nā kaiāulu kala ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa.
ʻO ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka mana makani ma ke Kai Kūʻono e hāʻawi ana i kahi manawa no ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka poʻe hana ma ke ʻano o ka hoʻemi mālie ʻana o ʻAmelika i kona hilinaʻi ʻana i nā wahie fossil. Ua hoʻomaka ʻo Louisiana e hoʻomohala i nā hoʻoponopono makani ma waho o nā wai mokuʻāina a ke ʻimi nei i ke kālā federal me Arkansas a me Oklahoma e hoʻokumu i kahi kikowaena hydrogen maʻemaʻe.
ʻO ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo he lohi loa ka ʻae ʻana o ka pāhana ikehu federal, a hiki i nā hana makani ma nā wai federal ke hoʻopau i nā makahiki. Akā ʻo nā papahana ma nā wai mokuʻāina - a hiki i 3 mau mile nautical mai kahakai ma ka hapa nui o nā wahi a me 9 mau mile mai kahakai i Texas - hiki ke hoʻopau wikiwiki loa.
Nui ka hilinaʻi i ka ʻike ʻana o nā mokuʻāina ikehu e like me Texas a me Louisiana i kahi manawa e hoʻonui ai i ko lākou kaulana ma ke ʻano he alakaʻi ikaika i ka mana makani o waho. E like me kā mākou i ʻike ai, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻoulu ʻana o ka makani ma waho o ke kahawai ʻo Persian no ka ʻāina, ka ʻāina, a me ke aniau honua.
ʻO ka mea kākau ʻo Michael E. Webber he polopeka o ka ikehu ma ke Kulanui o Texas ma Austin, i hoʻolaʻa ʻia i ke kenekulia o Josie.
ʻO Hugh Daigle ka Luna Hoʻokele o ka Petroleum a me Geosystems Engineering ma ke Kulanui o Texas ma Austin.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: ʻAukake-20-2022
